2023年考研英语一真题及详解（全）
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.
1. A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as
2. A. decide on B. provide for C. compete with D. adapt to
3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone
4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example
5. A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although
6. A. into B. within C. from D. through
7. A. or B. since C. but D. so
8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create
9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying
10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving
11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union
12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live
13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if
14. A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain
15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed
16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however
17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed
18. A. invested B. divided C. donated D. withdrawn
19. A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks
20. A. while B. so that C. once D. in that
1.[标准答案] [D]as well as
[考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系
[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境not only…..but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”该空与前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关” 所以答案只能是D. as well as.
A. by way of通过 B. with regard to 关于 C. on behalf of 代表
2.[标准答案] [A] decide on
[考点分析] 上下文语义
[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是A. decide on 决定。表示自己决定自己的对象。B. provide for 为……提供准备 C. compete with与……竞争 D. adapt to适用
3.[标准答案] [B]arrange
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析
[选项分析] 该句意思为，他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母_____相关事务。四个选项中，A. close 关闭 C renew 更新;恢复 D postpone“推迟”，语义不正确，只有B arrange安排是符合语境。
4.[标准答案] [A]In theory
[考点分析] 上下文语义
[选项分析]逻辑判断题。主要是看前后两句的含义，前面是说“他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排相关事务，或者几乎不参与，完全让父母选择自己的对象。” 空格后面说“女方可以拒绝她父母所选择的对象。”这两句之间没有举例说明的关系，且有一个may，更证明A. In theory的正确性。而其他选项 B. Above all最重要的是， C. In time 准时 D. For example举例，均不符合题意。
5.[标准答案] [C]After
[考点分析] 上下文语义
[选项分析]根据下文“______a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other……”知道，只有对象选择好后，父母才会去调查研究对方的背景。所以只有after才对。其他选项A. Unless 除非，否则 B. Lest 以免，唯恐 D. Although 尽管 都不符合题意。
6.[标准答案] [A]into
[考点分析] 上下文语义及介词词义辨析
[选项分析] 这里主要是看marry与相关介词的固定搭配。这里marry into就是指嫁到，而其他选项均没有这层含义。
7.[标准答案] [C]but
[考点分析] 逻辑关系题
[选项分析]根据上文，说传统的婚礼时间跨度很长，但是到了1980s, 婚礼只持续一天半。所以与前文发生转变。因此要选择but转折关系。
8.[标准答案] [C]recite
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析]空格处需要填一个动词，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，C选项recite 为背诵的意思，与所给短语搭配最为合理，译为“为祈祷者做祈福”。
9.[标准答案] [D]tying
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析] 本题需要根据上下文语义分析，空格处需要搭配后文“棉花线头”，纵观四个选项[A]折叠
[B]堆积 [C]包裹 [D]系上，根据选项含义，只有D和后文的“棉花线头”搭配最为合理。
10.[标准答案] [A]passing
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析] 本题根据选项[A]传递[B]点亮 [C]隐藏 [D]服务，原文空格需要填写一个动词与后文“around a circle”来搭配，译为“将蜡烛传一圈”，故[A]传递为正确选项。
11.[标准答案] [D]union
[考点分析] 名词词义辨析
[选项分析] 本题根据选项[A]协会，社团[B]会议，会面 [C]集合 [D]结合。本句语义为“这些受尊敬的夫妻祈祷…”根据语境，结婚是一种夫妻二人的结合，因此，选项[D]结合更符合语境。
12.[标准答案] [D]live
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析] 本题比较简单。根据语义“根据传统，新婚夫妇要搬到妻子父母家，与父母____一年”根据语境，应为[D]居住为最佳答案。
13. [标准答案] [B]until
[考点分析] 时间逻辑关系
[选项分析] 根据原文，“_____他们在附近建造一栋新房子” [A]然而[B]直到 [C]为 [D]如果 结合语境，[B]直到最符合原文语境，搭配最为合理。
14. [标准答案] [D]obtain
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析] Divorce is legal and relatively easy to __14__, but not common.该句句意为离婚是合法的，且相对容易____. A.avoid 避免B.follow 跟随C.chanllenge挑战，质疑D.obtain获得。这里出现and,所以对于离婚这件事不可能是避免或是挑战，但是跟随和离婚之间语义不符，但是获得离婚(的批准)是可以的。选D.
15.[标准答案] [D] viewed
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析
[选项分析] Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval.离婚的人…一些不赞同。在段首，已经注明离婚是合法的且相对容易得到批准，但是不常见。这说明离婚在现实中肯定是不太受到人们的欢迎的。而接下来这句就说离婚的人…一些不赞同。再看选项：A.isolated孤立 B.persuaded劝说C.viewed看做 D. exposed接触，受到…的影响 C选项固定搭配被认为，放进。
16.[标准答案] [B]whatever
[考点分析] 语法
[选项分析Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, 17个空对应的都是动词，所以该句意思为：夫妇双方保有…财产，这个财产是他或她…(动词)进婚姻的。 结合选项A whenever“无论何地;任何(地方)=any place where(定从)”。B whatever“无论什么;任何(东西)=anything that/any N that”。C whenever无论何时;任何(时间=any time when)D however 无论如何;无论多么 。根据语义，这里应该不是让步的关系,而且填的这个词还要能修饰property。因此，选择B =retains any property that he or she ….
17.[标准答案] [B]brought
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析
[选项分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage,结合选项A changed“改变”。B brought “带来”。C shaped“形成” D pushed“推，逼迫”。结合语境只有B符合，把财产带入婚姻。
18.[标准答案] [B]divided
[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析
[选项分析] …and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally.结合选项A invested投资.[B]divided平分 [C] donated 捐赠[D]withdrawn撤出，提取。根据语义应该是共同财产被(夫妻双方)平分。
19.[标准答案] [C]shows
[考点分析] 动词固定搭配
[选项分析] Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. 该句语义为离过婚的人或许会再婚，但是性别偏见…。结合选项A. warm(up)加热 B.clear(up) 变晴C.show (up) 显现D.break(up)分裂，分开;，显然C是正确选项。
20.[标准答案] [A]while
[选项分析] 上下文语义
[考点分析] 很明显的两类人的对比比较关系。只能选择while.
【真题翻译】在柬埔寨，伴侣的选择对于年轻男性来说是一个复杂的问题。这不仅与他本人以及未来伴侣的父母朋友相关，而且与媒婆也有着千丝万缕的关系。他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排相关事务，或者几乎不参与，完全让父母选择自己的对象。理论上来说，女方可以拒绝她父母所选择的对象。在选好自己的对象后，每个家庭都能会去调查对方家庭来确保他们的孩子嫁到好人家。
传统的婚礼是一段漫长，多姿多彩的过程。从前会持续三天，但是到了20世纪80年代，一般会持续一天半。佛教徒通常会做简短诵经，并为新人祈福。仪式通常包括剪发，在新郎新娘的胳膊上系上浸满圣水的棉绳，在幸福的、受人尊敬的夫妇中传递蜡烛来祈祷新人的结合。通常情况下，新婚夫妇会到妻子父母家里住一年，直到他们在附近建一栋新房子为止。
离婚是合法的，而且很容易获得批准，但是在实际中这种情况并不常见。离过婚的男女会受到一些人的诟病。夫妇双方在离婚后可保有他或她婚前带来的财产，而且可平分婚后共同取得的财产。离过婚的人或许会再婚，但是性别偏见还是很明显。比如，离过婚的男性再婚前不需要一段等待期而女性则需要等待十个月。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text
France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people”. The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21. According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?
[A]Physical beauty would be redefined.
[B]New runways would be constructed.
[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.
[D]The fashion industry would decline.
22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning to
[A]heightening the value of
[B]indicating the state of
[C]losing faith in
[D]doing harm to
23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
[A]The French measures have already failed.
[B]New standards are being set in Denmark.
[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.
[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.
24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for
[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions
[B]caring too much about model’s character.
[C]showing little concern for health factors
[D]setting a high age threshold for models.
25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
[B]A Dilemma for the Starving models in France
[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
21.答案 A Physical beauty would be redefined
解析：这是一道细节题，根据France定位到大段的叙述可以让大家明白这个词一定跟consumer有关。最为关键的是：紧接着出现了 inother world， 重述上文，不过却简洁的总结了前文。如果我们要做这些print product， 那就选择那些已经痴迷于他们的人吧。(那么对于他们来讲就是一件可以传承的东西了，以前喜欢，会依旧喜欢下去)。所以这句为做题的关键，对应同义替换，选择B。
A选项中的降低成本没有在文中相应位置涉及到。 C重建以往的关荣，与消费者关系不大 D扩大受欢迎程度，范围过大。
39.答案B aggressiveness better meets challenges
解析：观点态度题。偏细节题。定位Peretti在文中的观点，首次出现在招募国际会议的`通知。同时英语二在2023年考的也是招募志愿者的通知。
同时以图书馆为写作背景，在2023年的建议信中也已经考察过。因此，只要把2023年通知的格式，结合2023年建议信的相关内容，就可以很轻松的写出2023年的小作文。这就启发2023届的同学们要高度重视历年真题，因为考过的话题或是书信类型会反复考查。
下面来详细解读下今年的小作文，首先看一下题目要求：
Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.
小作文即A 节作文的评分侧重点在于1. 格式和语域的恰当;2. 信息点的覆盖、3. 内容的组织、4. 语言的准确性。那么我们主要从格式和内容两方面来解析此文。
首先，从格式上来说，通知的格式包括四大部分：
1.标题， 通知要求必须有标题，可以直接用Notice 做标题就可以，注意首字母大写，居中。
2.时间， 通知的时间要求在标题下方第二行，按照日月年的顺序来写，注意月与年之间要有逗号，且时间在靠右对齐。
3.正文， 通知正文要求首段缩进四个字符，不要求一定分段，为了内容层次清晰，建议分三段为好。。
4.落款，落款即发通知的单位，此处需要特别注意，根据题目的要求，你是代表图书馆写的通知，所以落款应该是某某图书馆，而非Li Ming 本人。
另外，从内容上来看，作文一个图书管理员，要向学生介绍学校的图书馆，其实可以介绍的内容还是很多的，比如图书馆的藏书，图书馆的开放时间，入馆要求等等。所以内容部分对于大家来书应该也不是难事，具体内容可以参考如上范文。
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picture.in your essay, you should
1. describe the pictures briefly,
2. interpret its intended meaning, and
3. give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET . (20 points)
What is symbolically depicted in the caricatures, there emerge two circumstances, carrying sharp contrast implications. In the first drawing, a father is watching a football match on the sofa who is at the same time supervising his son to finish homework. It is not difficult to observe that his son wears frowned expression on his face. On the contrary, the second portrayal depicts a father is working just besides his son, who is doing his assignment.
The objective of the drawer is to demonstrate that utmost significance should be attached to the phenomenon that setting proper examples has exerted great impact on the growth of the younger generation in China at present. Previously, it is widely acknowledged that it is the compelling obligation for the parents to help their kids to form an appropriate value about the world and the life, which carries overwhelmingly precious connotation to the sound development on the younger generation. Simultaneously, there is no denying that the most rational method for adults to educate their adolescents is to set themselves a good example to their teenagers rather than making perpetual requirements, which is less persuasive compared with the actions.
Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implication from these thought-provoking drawings. On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten the parents to be more advisable in educate their children. On the other hand, parents should attach more emphasis on setting excellent models for their juveniles. Only by doing so, can we effectively ensure a promising prospect for the adolescents.
2023年的大作文从总体上来看不难，因为它考查到了现在的一个社会热点。这个热点甚至比2023年当时的热点还要热!就内容和话题而言，属于综合性话题，既考察了当今信息社会发展过程中网络对我们生活的影响，正如任何事物有两个方面一样，积极方面和消极方面，必须做到两者的统一，对于手机的影响这个话题大家应该是有话可说的。同时，本题也考查了人际关系方面的内容，同样是两方面内容所引申出来的，这是借用人际关系这个事件来说明和阐述手机的两方面的影响和作用，也就是手机的出现和发展给我们之间的联系提供了方便，使我们的世界变成了地球村，另外比如信息共享，成果共享等都非常方便;除此之外，也有消极的一方面，也就是手机的出现同时淡漠了人际关系，忽视了人与人之间的面对面的交往和联系，同时人们之间面对面说话的交流机会少了，话题也少了。最后说出你的对策。
更重要的是：从十年的考研真题来讲，2023年的大作文考查到了网络的问题，当年的图画是很多人在一个类似大的蜘蛛网的区域里上网，图片下面有一行字：网络的“近”与“远”!当年的描述图画部分比较难表达，而今年图画描述部分相比起来就容易得多。下面我们就从写作的标准三段式来讲讲这三段我们应该怎么写。
第一段图画描述段的写作内容主要是表述图画，四个人都在盯着手机，桌子上的饭菜没动，还可以更加注意写细节，比如他们认真的神情和桌子上的饭菜未动之类!第二段是图画涵义阐释段。本段可分两个方面来具体写。一方面具体写明手机给我们带来的好处;另一方面，我们要指出手机的弊端，给我们生活带来了很多负面影响。第三段评论段的写作内容为给出自己的评论和建议。可以指出年轻人应该重视面对面的交流!最后一句可以展望一下未来，说如果我们放下手机拿起筷子享受美食，和谐的关系就会出现了!
