考研英语答案（通用10篇）
考研英语(一)翻译解析及参考译文
46) This movement，driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
<解析>本句and前后连接两个并列的分句，主干部分为This movement built a nation and shaped the character and destiny. “this” 指前文的“a tide of emigration”移民潮，“driven by...”分词短语作后置定语修饰movement，同时起到主谓分隔的作用，”of a wilderness““of an uncharted continent“后置定语修语分别修饰a nation和the character and destiny .
<参考译文>在各种强大动机的推动下，移民潮建立了一个国家并且根据其本质塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
47) The United States is the product of two principal forces―the immigration of European people with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
<解析>本句的主干是The United States is the product. 破折号后对是two principal forces的解释说明。本题的难点在于破折号后两个and所并列的内容。
<参考译文>美国是两种主要力量之下的产物――即有着不同观点，习俗和国家特色的欧洲移民和影响修订这些特征的新国家。
48)But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, an the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.
<解析>本句的主干是new continent caused changes.
<参考译文>但由于美国特有地理条件的推动,不同民族之间的相互作用,以及维护原始老式方式的纯粹困难,新大陆引起了重大变化。
49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and -16-century explorations of North American.
50)<解析>本句的主干是The shiploads crossed the Atlantic. which 引导了定语从句修饰”territory“. ”more than a hundred years after the 15th- and -16-century explorations of North American“是状语成分。
<译文>在15，16世纪探索过北美的一百多年之后，前往该领土(即当今的美国)的2：考研英语完形填空试题及答案
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, (1) this is largely because, (2) animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are (3) to perceiving those smells which float through the air, (4) the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, (5), we are extremely sensitive to smells, (6) we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (7) human smells even when these are (8) to far below one part in one million.
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, (9) others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate (10) smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (11) to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (12) can suddenly become sensitive to it when (13) to it often enough.
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it (14) to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (15) new receptors if necessary. This may (16) explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells―we simply do not need to be. We are not (17) of the usual smell of our own house, but we (18) new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (19) for unfamiliar and emergency signals (20) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
1.[A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while
2.[A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides
3.[A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined
4.[A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking
5.[A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore
6.[A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if
7.[A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting
8.[A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused
9.[A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas
10.[A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical
11.[A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses
12.[A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times
13.[A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed
14.[A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient
15.[A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create
16.[A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless
17.[A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired
18.[A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice
19.[A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable
20.[A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside from
答案：Section I: Use of English (10 points)
1. [C] 2. [B] 3. [A] 4. [C] 5. [B] 6. [A] 7. [D] 8. [A] 9. [D] 10.[B] 11.[C] 12.[A] 13.[D] 14.[C] 15.[D] 16.[B] 17.[C] 18.[D] 19.[A] 20.[B]篇3：考研英语真题答案
Section 1 Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.
The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.
The findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.
Section II Reading Comprehension
1、What
2、Concluded
3、On
4、Compared
5、Samples
6、Insignificant
7、Know
8、Resemble
9、Also
10、Perhaps
11、To
12、Drive
13、Ratherthan
14、Benefits
15、Faster
16、understand
17、Contributory
18、Tendency
19、Ethnic
20、see
Part A
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
TEXT
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insistedkings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?
The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above mere polities and embody a spirit of national unity.
It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.
Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.
While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.
It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.
篇4：考研《英语一》翻译答案
46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.
这也是为什么我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时，只是能表达出对音乐的感受却无法领会音乐本身。
47. By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
据大家所说，他思想自由，勇气十足。在对其作品的理解方面，我认为勇气是本质，更不用说在作品的演奏方面了。
48. Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
贝多芬习惯最大限度地增加音量，然后突然转为柔和的乐段，这在其之前的音乐家中是很少有的。
49.Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.
尤其重要的是他关于自由的观点，在他自己看来，这种观点是和个人的权利和义务相关联的。他宣扬的是思想和个人表达的自由。
50.One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.
人们可以通过以下论断来诠释贝多芬的许多作品：苦难是不可避免的，但正是这种与苦难作斗争的勇气给了生命价值。
篇5：考研英语模拟试题及答案
Kindly let me know when you are free. I hope that we have time to get together. Wish you a more successful future.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
[参考范文]
On Policy Making
①From the picture, we know that a man is weaving a bamboo basket. ②On the one hand, he is going great guns to do his job. ③On the one hand, the baskets already made have formed a small mountain on which spiders are spinning webs. ④Symbolically, the bamboo baskets represent rules and regulations made by the authorities. ⑤Therefore, it can easily be seen that the picture is aiming at the phenomenon that nowadays rules and regulations are frequently made but rarely enforced.
⑥There are many reasons accounting for the above phenomenon. ⑦The most contributing one is that some policy makers don't take the reality into consideration when they lay down rules and regulations. As a result, these rules are only found useless. ⑧In addition, official corruption is part of the cause. ⑨To improve performance and get promotion, many officials go astray and mistakenly think that policies they formulate are a direct reflection of their achievements.
⑩Considering the above analysis, I think immediate measures should be taken to prevent the problem from deteriorating. On the one hand, policy makers should never abandon their tradition of doing things in a practical and realistic way. On the other hand, it is necessary for authorities to pay close attention to the enforcement of rules.
篇6：考研英语一试题及答案
Text 3
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment
[B] our faith in science and technology
[C] our awareness of potential risks
[D] our belief in equal opportunity
32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are
[A] a sustained species
[B] a threaten to the environment
[C] the world’s dominant power
[D] a misplaced race
33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?
[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.
[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.
34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to
[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources
[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world
[C] draw on our experience from the past
[D] curb our ambition to reshape history
35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Uncertainty about Our Future
[B] Evolution of the Human Species
[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind
[D] Science, Technology and Humanity
Text 4
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.
However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.
Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.
[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.
[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.
37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?
[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants ‘information.
[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.
[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.
[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.
38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution.
[B] undermined the states’ interests.
[C] supported the federal statute.
[D] stood in favor of the states.
39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs that held by the states.
[B] is dependent on the states’ support.
[C] is established by federal statutes.
[D] rarely goes against state laws.
40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The social sciences are flourishing. As of , there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report , the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since .
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
(42)____This is a shame―the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.
Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since ,(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.
The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon ,a new program to be enacted in ,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2023, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
[G]During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.
篇7：考研英语二测试题答案
考研英语二测试题答案
1.本题的答案是(D)
(A) hung up：“把……挂起来，挂断电话”，考研英语词汇复习测试题(一)(2)。(B)hung back：“犹豫；踌躇不前”。(C)cut down：“砍倒”。(D)cut off：“突然中断，切断，打断”。(B)、(C)与原句意思较远，应立即排除。(A)虽可作“挂断电话”解，但是通常指双方通话期间，其中一方把电话挂断。本句的后半句是“we are---”，显然在双方通话期间，没有任何一方把电话挂断，而是外来因素(如：接线员)把“我们的通话突然中断了。”(D)符合句意，应填(D)。
2.本题的答案是(B)
(A) sometimes：“有时”。(B)some time：“一些时间”。(C)sometime：“以前的，一度的，前任的”。(D)some times：“在某些场合，不时”。从句意上看，应填(B)。全句的意思是：她不知道她是否有机会在此处花一些时间以便使她更多了解这个城市的情况。
3.本题的答案是(D)
四个备选答案中能和with相搭配的只有(D)acquainted，与with连在一起意为“熟悉”。故应选(D)。(A)accepted：“接受”，(B)admitted：“承认，接受”和(C)admired：“羡慕”均不能与with相搭配，故均应排除。
4.本题的答案是(C)
(A) equal作动词用时意为“等于，比得上”。(B)match：“与……相匹敌，使较量”。(C)qualify：“有资格”。(D)fit：“使合适，使符合”。根据句意，应选(C)qualify。全句的意思是：他当英文教师不够资格，因为他的发音糟透了。
5.本题的答案是(A)
goal只与四个备选答案中的(A)pursuing：“追求，寻求”和(C)reaching“达到”相搭配，故(B)chasing：“追逐”和(D)winning：“赢得”应立即排除。由于(C)reaching (the goal)指已达到的目标，实际上句中所说的“利用太阳光分裂水分子”的方法仍在摸索中，尚未变成现实，故(C)也应排除。(A)pursuing指正在“寻求”达到上述目标的方法，符合句意，故(A)为正确答案。
6.本题的答案是(B)
(A) at large：“自由行动，消遥自在地”。(B)at intervals：“不时，时时”。(C)at ease：“不紧张，自由自在”。(D)at random：“随便，随机的，随意的”。根据句意应填(B)。全句的意思是：讲座会开得那么冗长使人精疲力尽，致使发言的人不时停下来喝点饮料。refreshments也可作“点心”解。
7.本题的答案是(D)
(A) substitute：“代替，代替物”。(B)selection：“选择”，指从相当数量中进行选择，强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别。(C)preference：“喜欢，偏爱”，强调选择时个人的偏爱。(D)altermative：“两者或两者以上挑一；取舍，抉择”。根据题意，外出旅行，带钱时只有少数几种选择：现款；旅行支票或信用卡。四个备选答案中，最接近题意的是(D) alternative：“从两个(或两个以上)中挑其中一种选择”。故(D)为正确答案。
8.本题的答案是(B)
(A) gracious：“有礼貌的，宽厚的，优美的”。(B)suspicious：“多疑的，可疑的”，常指所怀疑的对象或事情未必是真的，带有“疑神疑鬼”、“神经过敏”的含义。(C)unique：“独一无二的，唯一的”。(D)particular：“特别的”，带有引人注目的意思。根据句意，应选(B)。全句的意思为：我从不相信他，因为我总认为他是那种多疑的人。判断时请注意，句子前半句是“我从不相信他”，根据逻辑关系，故可以肯定后面描述他的字眼肯定不是什么好字眼，四个备选答案中，唯有(B)是带贬义的词，故可肯定(B)为正确答案。
9.本题的答案是(A)
(A) absorption：“吸收”。(B)transition：“传送，过渡，传递”。(C)consumption：“消费，消耗”。(D)interaction：“相互作用”。根据句意，应填(A)。四个选项都是以-tion为结尾，但意思却相差甚远。全句的意思是：水从固态变成液态时，吸收它周围所有物质的热量，而这种吸收便在它的周围产生人为的低温状态。
10.本题的答案是(C)
(A) revising：“改编，修改”。(B)contradicting：“自相矛盾”。(C)distorting：“歪曲，曲解”。(D)distracting：“分神，打扰，迷惑”。很明显，备选答案中只有(C)distorting符合句意，故(C)为正确答案。(A)、(B)和(D)填入句中均说不通，或很别扭，故均应排除。
11.本题的答案是(D)
(A) indistinctly：“不清楚地，分不清地”，强调“看不清、听不清”，以致无法弄清。(B)separately：“分离地”，强调可以分开的。(C)irrelevantly：“无关地，不相干地”，强调相互没有关系。(D)independently：“独立地，单独地”，强调独立性，与别的人、事关系不大。根据题意，只有(D)比较接近原句子的意思，故应选(D)。全句意为：语言、文化和个性可以认为是在意识形态中相互独立的，但事实上它们是无法分开的。
12.本题的答案是(A)
(A) hold back：“忍住，抑制，踌躇”。(B)hold on：“继续，坚持”，考研英语《考研英语词汇复习测试题(一)(2)》。(C)hold out：“伸出，坚持”。(D)hold up：“阻挡，举起，拦截”。四个备选答案中，(A)比较接近句意，故应选(A)。全句意思为：看到我费劲地把小牛拉回牲口棚，那爱尔兰挤奶女工极力忍住没笑出声来。
13.本题的答案是(C)
(A) impartial：“公正的”。(B) mild：“温和的”。(C) hostile：“敌对的”。(D) opposing：“面对的，相对的，相反的”。根据句意，(C)与句意最为接近，故应选(C)。全句的意思是：经理向其中一位女售货员投以指责的目光，因为她对顾客持敌对态度。
14.本题的.答案是(D)
(A)express：“表示，表达”，指表达思想或感情。(B)confess：“坦白”，指犯了错误或犯了罪之后坦白自己的错误或罪行。(C)verify：“证实，相证，核实”，指核对某事是否属实。(D)acknowledge：“承认”，主要指承认事实。显然，(D)最接近句子的意思，故应选(D)。全句的意思是：我以感激的心情承认在准备这个新的专栏时我的同事给我的帮助。
15.本题的答案是(C)
(A) secured：“为……作保，使安全”。(B) forbidden：“禁止”。(C) regulated：“规定”。(D) determined：“决定”。四个备选答案中(C)最接近句意，故应选(C)。全句意思为：严格规定：除极少数人外，所有其他人不得接触机密文件。
16.本题的答案是(B)
(A) assembly：“大会”，指有许多人参加的，计划和安排周到的大会。如联合国大会是“General Assembly ”。(B) session通常置于in之后，表示“在开会”，指一次会议、一届会议或美国国会每次开会。(C) conference：“会议”，指正式的，有许多人或有许多国家代表参加的讨论或磋商某一严重问题的会议。(D) convention：“会议”，常指政府或某政治团体举行的会议，也可以指州级或国家级会议。(B)显然最接近句意，故应选(B)。全句的意思是：污染问题和若干其他问题将在明年春天举行的国会会议上进行讨论。
17.本题的答案是(D)
(A)in accordance with：“根据”，比较正规的字眼，通常指根据国家法律规定或某些重要条例的规定。(B)in terms of：“就……而言，以……措词，关于”。(C)in favor of：“喜欢”。(D)in honor of：“纪念；招待”。很明显(D)最接近句意。故应选(D)。全句的意思是：圣诞节是基督教神圣的日子，通常在12月25日举行庆祝，以纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。
18.本题的答案是(B)
(A)(be)obliged to：“对……很感激；不得不”，后接名词或后接不定式(作不得不解)，不接动名词。例如：I am very much obliged to you for telling me.我非常感谢你告诉我。(后接代名词you)。She was obliged to abandon the idea.她被迫放弃那种想法。(后接不定式)。本句to之后是动名词carrying,故(A)应排除。(B)(be)committed(to)：“同意承担；答应干某事”，后接动名词、不定式、名词均可。例如：He was committed to fulfilling the task within two weeks.后接动名词fulfilling,符合题意，故(B)为正确答案。(C)engaged (in)：“从事……”，后接介词in。而本题的空白处后为to 动名词。(C)明显不符合题意，故(C)也应立即排除。(D)resolved (to)：“决心”，后接不定式，不接动名词，故(D)也应排除。
19.本题的答案是(A)
(A)came off：“结果；离开；举行；实现，成功”，这个短语的意思很多，大家要注意区分。(B)went off：“离去；变坏，爆炸”。(C)brought out：“使出现；出版，公布”。(D)made out：“书写，拼凑，完成”。从题意上看，(A)最为合适，故应选(A)。全句的意思是：在深山谷建造一座发电站是一个大胆的设想，但结果和我们原来希望的一样。
20.本题的答案是(D)
(A) improve：“改善”，是个及物动词，后面直接接名词作宾语，但不再加“to …n”，本句后面有这种“to n…”的结构，故(A)不符合题目的句型结构，应排除。(B)enhance：“增加，提高”，及物动词，后面也可接名词作宾语，但不再接“to n...”的结构，故也应排除。(C)guarantee：“保证，担保，保修”，是及物动词，后不接“to n...”的结构，故也应排除。(D)gear(to)：“使适应，使适合”，(D)与本题结构相吻合，故应选(D)。(A)、(B)和(C)表面上意思与题意接近或吻合，但与本考题后半部分的“to n”不吻合，故均应排除。全句的意思是：为了在国与国之间的激烈竞争中能生存下去，我们必须使我们的产品质量和品种适应世界市场需求。
篇8：考研英语阅读基础训练及答案
考研英语阅读基础训练及答案
Text
There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.
The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.
Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.
26. There is an increasing demand for ________.
[A] all round people in their own fields
[B] people whose job is to organize other people’s work
[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional(B)
[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others
27. The specialist is ________.
[A] a man whose job is to train other people
[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields
[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees(D)
[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters
28. The administrator is ________.
[A] a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist
[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest
[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities(C)
[D] a man who is an “educated” specialist
29. During your training period, it is important ________.
[A] to try to be a generalist
[B] to choose a profitable job
[C] to find an organization which fits you(D)
[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist
30. A man’s first job ________.
[A] is never the right job for him
[B] should not be regarded as his final job
[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job(B)
[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job
Test 2
At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world -- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia -- a region rich in forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.
31. The best title for this selection would be ________.
[A] Iceland
[B] Land of Opportunity
[C] The Unknown Continent(C)
[D] Utopia at Last
32. At the time this article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was ________.
[A] very limited
[B] vast
[C] fairly rich(A)
[D] nonexistent
33. Antarctica is bordered by the ________.
[A] Pacific Ocean
[B] Indian Ocean
[C] Atlantic Ocean(D)
[D] All three
34. The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by ________.
[A] cold air
[B] calm seas
[C] ice(A)
[D] lack of knowledge about the continent
35. According to this article ________.
[A] 2,000 people live on the Antarctic Continent
[B] a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South Pole
[C] weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlements impractical(C)
[D] only a handful of natives inhabit Antarctica
26. [B]27. [D]28. [C]29. [D]30. [B]
31. [C]32. [A]33. [D]34. [A]35. [C]
() ■篇9：考研英语模拟试题及答案
SectionⅠUse of English
Directions：
Read the following text.Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）
In the past few decades，remarkable findings have been made in ethology，the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had 1 that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species，showing that learning is a part of social life. That is，the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes.
4，the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive，but it is not quite like the learning of humans；it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once，biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that，shortly 7 they hatch，ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus，social ties can be considerably 10，even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics.
Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. For example，biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But，in examining a“dance”that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source，observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level，the genetic base seems to be much more for an all?purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees，for instance，generally 14 very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. In such circumstances，they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for her young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn，and the social ties that are created between mother and young 18 Goodall to describe the social unit as a family. The mother?offspring tie is beyond 19；there is some evidence to 20 that ties also continue between siblings of the same sex，that is“brother?brother”and“sister?sister”。
1?A?assumedB?adoptedC?believedD?surmised
2?A?considerateB?consideratedC?considerableD?considering
3?A?statuesB?statusesC?statutesD?statures
4?A?What?s moreB?HenceC?ButD?However
5?A?notB?onlyC?butD?solely
6?A?clarifiesB?classifiesC?definesD?outlines
7?A?thanB?beforeC?whenD?after
8?A?onB?withC?inD?within
9?A?appropriatedB?substitutedC?assignedD?distributed
10?A?variedBdeviatedC?differedD?altered
11?A?fashionedB?modifiedC?influencedD?affected
12?A?mayB?shouldC?mustD?can
13?A?byB?out ofC?fromD?through
14?A?proveB?makeC?turnD?create
15?A?otherwiseB?stillC?yetD?even
16?A?oneB?soleC?singleD?only
17?A?lookedBattendedC?caredD?provided
18?A?guideB?causeC?directD?lead
19?A?limitationB?imaginationC?doubtD?expectation
20?A?adviseB?hintC?implyD?suggest
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D?Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1?（40 points）
Text
New figures from France，Germany and Italy―the three biggest economies in the 12 country Eurozone―suggest the continent‘s economic woes may have been exaggerated.In France，evidence emerged that consumer spending remained solid in July and August，rising 1.4%and 0.6%respectively.Forecasters had generally expected the July figure to show a 0.1% slippage，with August unchanged.But the figures were flattered slightly by a down grade to the June figure，to 0.7% from1.5%.
With manufacturing in the doldrums across Europe and the US，consumer spending has been increasingly seen as the best hope of stopping the global economic slowdown from turning into a recession.The French government said the news proved that the economy was holding up to the strain of the slowdown.
Meanwhile in Germany，new regional price figures went someway towards calming fears about inflation in Europe‘s largest economy―a key reason for the European Central Bank’s reluctance to cut interest 15 states said consumer prices were broadly stable，with inflation falling year on year.The information backed economists‘expectations that inflation for the country as a whole is set to fall back to a yearly rate of 2.1%，compared to a yearly rate of 2.6% in August，closing in on the Euro?wide target of 2%.The drop is partly due to last year’s spike in oil prices dropping out of the year?on?year calculation.
The icing on the cake was news that Italy‘s job market has remained buoyant.The country’s July unemployment rate dropped to 9.4% from 9.6% the month before，its lowest level in more than eight years.And a business confidence survey from quasi?governmental research group ISAE told of a general pick?up in demand in the six weeks to early September.But the news was tempered by an announcement by Alitalia，the country‘s biggest airline，that it will have to get rid of 2，500 staff to cope with the expected contraction as well as selling 12 aeroplanes. And industrial group Confindustria warned that the attacks on US targetsmeant growth will be about 1.9% this year，well short of the government’s 2.4% target. And it said the budget deficit will probably be about 1.5%，nearly twice the 0.8% Italy‘s government has promised its European Union partners.
21?We know from the first paragraph that.
A?new figures from the three European countries show the prediction of forecasters is exactly right
B?European economy gets on better than forecasters have predicted
C?all of the forecasters expect the fully figure to show a reduction
D?in three European countries the consumer spending continues to rise
22?The term“in the doldrums”in Paragraph 2 refers to .
A?in the process of rising B?experiencing a sharp turning
C?in the recessionD?rising rapidly
23?Which of the following statements is true according to the text？。
A?The reason for the ECB‘s unwilling to cut interest rates is inflation was actually expected to fall in Germany
B?In Germany consumer prices were falling
C?Last year‘s oil prices dropping out of the year?on?year calculation directly leads to the drop of inflation
D?The European Central Bank is willing to cut interest rate
24?ln this passage，the word“buoyant”in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to the word.
A?depressingB?gloomyC?activeD?calm
25?lndustrial group Confindustria warned that.
A?the attacks on US targets lead to the comparatively lower growth
B?the growth had been well short of the government‘s target
C?the budget deficit must be about 1.5%
D?the budget deficit will probably be great different from the country‘s promise
Text 2
Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 5～8 w
0：考研英语一试题及答案
2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .
1. [A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers
2. [A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external
3. [A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external
4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all
5. [A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless
6. [A] in [B] on [C]to [D] for
7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless
8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C]share [D]test
9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified
11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took
15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather
16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard
20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text
In the 2023 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would be described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that Cand to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year C about 64 items per person C and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2023 has made all of her own clothes C and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment C including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line CCline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.
21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining skill.
[B] insensitivity to fashion.
[C] obsession with high fashion.
[D] lack of imagination.
22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to
[A] combat unnecessary waste.
[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.
[C] resist the influence of advertisements.
[D] shop for their garments more frequently.
23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to
[A] accusation.
[B] enthusiasm.
[C] indifference.
[D] tolerance.
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
25. What is the subject of the text?
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.
Text 2
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December 2023 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track ”(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?
26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:
[A] ease competition among themselves
[B] lower their operational costs
[C] avoid complaints from consumers
[D] provide better online services
27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:
[A] online advertisers
[B] e-commerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis
[D] internet browser developers
28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A] many cut the number of junk ads
[B] fails to affect the ad industry
[C] will not benefit consumers
[D] goes against human nature
29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?
[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose
[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT
[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers
[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads
30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:
[A] indulgence
[B] understanding
[C] appreciation
[D] skepticism
